Discover Rigoletto
A tragic story of jealousy, vengeance and sacrifice, Rigoletto is one of Verdi’s most popular operas. It features some of opera’s most immediately recognisable songs, including the famous Act 3 Quartet (‘Bella figlia dell’amore’) and (‘Women abandon us’ (‘La donna è mobile’).
Rigoletto is a joker and his latest wisecrack has started a vendetta that’s far from funny. Now, with his daughter seduced by the dissolute Duke, Rigoletto is out for revenge. But he definitely won’t have the last laugh.
Immerse yourself into this dramatic opera as we share a full synopsis and summary of Rigoletto’s plot, along with frequently asked audience questions, and previews of what you can expect from our 2024 performances.
Rigoletto Synopsis
Act 1
Scene 1
The Duke of Mantua is in his club, boasting to one of his followers about his success with women. He proceeds to flirt with the Countess Ceprano, while his jester, Rigoletto, cruelly mocks her husband. Meanwhile, another acquaintance, Marullo, tells his friends of a surprising discovery: he has heard that Rigoletto has a mistress hidden away at home.
Rigoletto continues to taunt the Count who retaliates by arranging a midnight meeting with some of the other members present where he will extract his revenge on the jester.
An elderly nobleman, Count Monterone, enters and denounces the Duke for seducing his daughter. He curses the Duke and when mocked by Rigoletto, Monterone turns on him and curses him as well. The curse strikes terror on Rigoletto, for the woman he lives with is not his mistress, but his daughter.
Scene 2
Brooding over Monterone’s curse, Rigoletto returns to the home he shares with his daughter, Gilda, hiding her away from the licentiousness that takes place at the Duke’s club. On his way home, he is confronted by Sparafucile, a professional assassin, who offers him his services. Rigoletto sends him away, but then muses on the parallels between their professions.
Gilda greets her father, and begins to ask him questions about their family and background, which he refuses to answer. Determined to protect Gilda he forbids her to leave their home, except to attend church. He also warns Gilda’s companion, Giovanna, not to allow anyone to enter the house while he is out. However, the Duke steals in and hides. While in hiding, he is astonished to hear Rigoletto call Gilda his daughter as he bids her farewell.
Gilda confesses to Giovanna that she is in love with a young man who has been following her home every day after church. On hearing this, the Duke appears and declares his love for Gilda, identifying himself as Gualtier Maldè, a penniless student. Hearing footsteps, he rushes off, leaving Gilda thinking lovingly of his name.
The club members appear, masked and ready to abduct Rigoletto’s supposed mistress. He surprises them by returning, but Marullo convinces him that they are planning to abduct the wife of Count Ceprano who lives nearby. Rigoletto falls into their trap, permitting himself to be blindfolded and masked. Unknowingly, he assists the conspirators in their abduction of his daughter. Gilda cries out to her father as she is carried off. Becoming suspicious, Rigoletto tears off the blindfold, realises Gilda is gone and cries, ‘Ah, the curse!’
Act 2
The Duke laments the loss of Gilda but when he is told of the abduction, he rejoices that she is now at his club.
When Rigoletto appears, he feigns nonchalance. Once it becomes clear to him that Gilda must be with the Duke, he tries to reach her, but the club members hold him back. His denunciation of their treachery dissolves into a bereft father’s pleading.
Left alone with Rigoletto, Gilda confesses that she is in love with the Duke and begs her father to forgive him. As Monterone is led to his execution, Rigoletto swears that they both will be avenged.
Act 3
Rigoletto has brought Gilda to Sparafucile to prove her lover’s faithlessness. As they lurk in the darkness, the Duke enters. After proclaiming the fickleness of women, he showers attentions on Maddalena, the assassin’s sister, as Rigoletto tries to comfort his despairing daughter. He orders her to disguise herself as a boy and meet him in Verona. After striking a bargain with Sparafucile for the Duke’s murder, Rigoletto departs.
Gilda returns in her disguise in time to overhear Maddalena begging her brother to spare the handsome stranger’s life. Sparafucile agrees to deceive Rigoletto by substituting the corpse of the next person who appears. Having returned determined to sacrifice herself so the Duke may live, Gilda becomes Sparafucile’s next victim.
At the stroke of midnight, Rigoletto pays the assassin and reserves for himself the satisfaction of throwing the sack containing his enemy’s corpse into the river. When he hears the Duke’s voice in the distance, he opens the sack and finds his daughter instead of the Duke. Begging her father’s forgiveness, she dies. The despairing Rigoletto cries out once more, ‘Ah, the curse!’
Rigoletto FAQs
What is the storyline of Rigoletto?
A tragic tale of jealousy, betrayal and the consequences of one’s actions. Rigoletto is a dramatic opera with a story that revolves around Rigoletto, a hunchbacked jester for the Duke of Mantua – a morally corrupt ruler known for his womanising ways. Rigoletto’s life becomes complicated when his latest wisecrack starts a vendetta that is far from amusing, leaving him cursed. The Duke falls in love with a mystery woman, who turns out to be Rigoletto’s innocent daughter, Gilda. Rigoletto soon discovers that Gilda has been abducted and seduced by the Duke, leaving him ready to wreak his revenge. However, his plan for vengeance goes wrong, and Rigoletto’s curse means that he won’t be having the last laugh…
Who composed Rigoletto?
Rigoletto was written by Italian composer, Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901). Verdi composed the three-part opera in collaboration with Francesco Maria Piave, a librettist who based the story on the controversial 1832 French play Le roi s’amuse (The King Amuses Himself) by Victor Hugo.
When was Rigoletto written?
Rigoletto was written in 1851 and premiered soon after on March 11th of the same year in a sold-out Teatro La Fenice in Venice. The opera became immediately popular after its premiere, reaching the stages of London by 1853.
What does ‘Rigoletto’ mean in English?
Rigoletto is the name of one of the main characters (the Duke’s jester) in the opera. Adapted from the French word ‘rigoler’, the meaning of Rigoletto is ‘to laugh’ in English. In Victor Hugo’s original play, the jester was called Triboulet (the real name of King Francis I’s actual jester), however the character’s name had to be changed to get approval from censors who deemed the opera threatening.
What is the moral of Rigoletto?
The opera highlights how Rigoletto’s quest for vengeance ends up harming not just himself, but also his innocent daughter, Gilda.
Rigoletto serves as a powerful reminder of the destructive power of revenge and how it can lead to tragic consequences.